An increasing body of literature suggests a Major Depressive Disorder subpopulation,
Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD), is associated with an increased immune response …

The introduction of pharmacotherapies for treatment-resistant depression is hindered by
translational challenges with existing preclinical screening models that fail to adequately …

By influencing the central nervous system, cytokines, which regulate immune function
innately and adaptively, may play a key role in mediating depression-like neuro-behavioral …

Increasing research is focused on genetic contributions to variability in stress-related
endophenotypes in humans and animal model simulations. The current study sought to …

Chronic stress and stressful events have a strong correlation with the onset of depression
and re-occurrence of depressive episodes. Stress has also been shown to be associated …

Mood and behavior are controlled by reciprocal associations between the central nervous
system and peripheral systems including the immune system. Lymphocytes, the cells of the …

For psychiatric illnesses, animal models are essential to study disease mechanisms and
develop novel treatment approaches, particularly given the very limited availability of the …

Major life events involving social rejection are strongly associated with onset of depression.
To account for this relation, we propose a psychobiological model in which rejection-related …

The chick anxiety–depression model is a hybrid, dual pharmacological screening assay in
which both anxiety and depression present sequentially over a 2 h isolation period. This …

A bstract Stress activates innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and enhances
susceptibility to depression, a condition that is more prevalent in females. The TLR4 receptor …