Genetic evidence of gender difference in autism spectrum disorder supports the female-protective effect

Y Zhang, N Li, C Li, Z Zhang, H Teng, Y Wang… - Translational …, 2020 - nature.com
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a male-to-
female prevalence of 4: 1. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying this gender …

The female protective effect in autism spectrum disorder is not mediated by a single genetic locus

J Gockley, AJ Willsey, S Dong, JD Dougherty… - Molecular autism, 2015 - Springer
Background A 4: 1 male to female sex bias has consistently been observed in autism
spectrum disorder (ASD). Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest a female protective …

Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders

DM Werling, DH Geschwind - Current opinion in neurology, 2013 - journals.lww.com
Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders : Current Opinion in Neurology Sex differences in
autism spectrum disorders : Current Opinion in Neurology Log in or Register Subscribe to …

The role of sex-differential biology in risk for autism spectrum disorder

DM Werling - Biology of sex differences, 2016 - Springer
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition that affects approximately four
times as many males as females, a strong sex bias that has not yet been fully explained …

The female protective effect against autism spectrum disorder

EM Wigdor, DJ Weiner, J Grove, JM Fu, WK Thompson… - Cell Genomics, 2022 - cell.com
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed three to four times more frequently in males
than in females. Genetic studies of rare variants support a female protective effect (FPE) …

Brain-based sex differences in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: A systematic review of structural MRI, fMRI, and DTI findings

MJM Walsh, GL Wallace, SM Gallegos, BB Braden - NeuroImage: Clinical, 2021 - Elsevier
Females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been long overlooked in neuroscience
research, but emerging evidence suggests they show distinct phenotypic trajectories and …

Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: diagnostic, neurobiological, and behavioral features

A Napolitano, S Schiavi, P La Rosa… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a
worldwide prevalence of about 1%, characterized by impairments in social interaction …

Pleiotropic mechanisms indicated for sex differences in autism

I Mitra, K Tsang, C Ladd-Acosta, LA Croen… - PLoS …, 2016 - journals.plos.org
Sexual dimorphism in common disease is pervasive, including a dramatic male
preponderance in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Potential genetic explanations include …

A neurogenetic analysis of female autism

A Jack, CAW Sullivan, E Aylward, SY Bookheimer… - Brain, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Females versus males are less frequently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),
and while understanding sex differences is critical to delineating the systems biology of the …

Gene expression in human brain implicates sexually dimorphic pathways in autism spectrum disorders

DM Werling, NN Parikshak, DH Geschwind - Nature communications, 2016 - nature.com
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in males, and the mechanisms behind
this sex-differential risk are not fully understood. Two competing, but not mutually exclusive …