Anopheles mosquitoes like other dipterans lack the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase (GR)
of the GSH pathway and instead utilize the Thioredoxin (Trx) system for management of …

Paraquat is a potent superoxide (O2−)-inducing agent that is capable of inducing an
oxidative imbalance in the mosquito midgut. This oxidative imbalance can super-stress the …

Ookinete invasion of Anopheles midgut is a critical step for malaria transmission; the
parasite numbers drop drastically and practically reach a minimum during the parasite's …

Malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes induces nitrosative and oxidative
stresses that limit parasite development, but also damage mosquito tissues in proximity to …

Background Digestion of blood in the midgut of Aedes aegypti results in the release of pro-
oxidant molecules that can be toxic to the mosquito. We hypothesized that after a blood …

Plasmodium parasites, which is responsible to cause malaria, are also exceedingly
receptive to oxidative stress during their intraerythrocytic life stage as they devour …

The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mosquito immunity against bacteria
and Plasmodium was investigated in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Strains of An …

Background Fruit flies and mammals protect themselves against infection by mounting
immune and metabolic responses that must be balanced against the metabolic needs of the …

The deadly, infectious disease malaria causes more than 200 million infections and a million
deaths annually. The protozoan, malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium requires two hosts …

Malaria is a highly inflammatory and oxidative disease. The production of reactive oxygen
species by host phagocytes is an essential component of the host response to Plasmodium …