Modeling and optimization from natural phenomena and observations of the physical earth
is an extremely important issue. In the light of the developments in computer and artificial …

In the present article, the efficiency of a new hybrid learning method, named artificial neural
network with gradient‐based optimizer algorithm (ANN‐GBO), is investigated to determine a …

Geoid determination for national heighting is one of the major research focuses in geodetic
sciences. Many studies in the past and recent years have suggested various mathematical …

ABSTRACT A Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) is a well-known learning
algorithm predicated on a gradient descent method that minimizes the square error involving …

Precise determination of local geoid is of particular importance for establishing height
control in geodetic GNSS applications, since the classical leveling technique is too …

There exist a number of methods for approximating the local geoid surface and studies
carried out to determine a local geoid. In this study, performance of geoid by PSO method in …

Nowadays, solving hard optimization problems using metaheuristic algorithms has attracted
bountiful attention. Generally, these algorithms are inspired by natural metaphors. A novel …

The aim of the present study is the employment of the artificial neural network (ANN) model
in the estimation and evaluation of geoid heights. For that reason, a number of control points …

The aim of this research is the optimal determination of the regional geoid model of Iran
based on radial basis functions (RBFs). In this case, the type and number of RBFs, their …

Nowadays the GPS measurements are one of the most frequently used technique in
geodesy. With this technique ellipsoidal height can be reckoned. However in the …