Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is the second most common form of
multiple sclerosis (MS). One in two relapse remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients will …

Many challenges exist in the precise diagnosis and clinical management of secondary
progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) because of the lack of definitive clinical, imaging …

In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by
insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is …

Importance Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for monitoring disease
dissemination in space and over time and excluding multiple sclerosis (MS) mimics, there …

Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is typically defined as deterioration
independent of relapses for≥ 6 months following an initial relapsing–remitting course; …

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides an update on progressive forms of multiple
sclerosis (MS) commonly referred to as primary progressive MS and secondary progressive …

Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most frequent demyelinating disease, is characterized by a
variable disease course. The majority of patients starts with relapsing remitting (RR) …

The relationship of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) to relapsing-remitting MS
(RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) remains unclear. Natural history data from …

This Review summarizes the natural history studies on multiple sclerosis (MS) that have
evaluated prognostic factors. Reassessment of prognostic factors is warranted, as our ability …

The identification of progression in multiple sclerosis is typically retrospective. Given the
profound burden of progressive multiple sclerosis, and the recent development of effective …