The competitive exchange rate devaluation (or currency protectionism) is a phenomenon of
global political economy, which goes hand in hand with trade activities. The causes …

Purpose: This study constructs a quantitative tool that can interpret the effects of trade
protectionism on trading partners. Design/methodology/approach: Trade protectionist …

The purpose of this study is to analyze the benefit-cost of currency union in ASEAN5+ 3
countries. The analysis was conducted by calculating OCA index by using Bayoumi and …

With the increasing level of globalization of economies of all the countries, the markets for all
the goods and services have become hyper competitive. The relationship between the …

This study is meant to be an evaluation sustained by theoretical and empirical
considerations of the exchange rate impact on international commercial trade …

Indonesia is one of the largest economies in the world and is one of the major players in the
global economy. The diversity in Indonesia's socio-economic structure from province to …

The main aim of this paper is presentation the increase of protectionism between the United
States and China and modern international business. The main objective of the research …

The variety and diversity of currencies forms a significant aspect of the international political
economy and especially the global economic relations among countries. It can be said that …

This paper examines the relationship between the real exchange rate and the foreign trade
imbalance in both the Western Balkan (WB) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) …

Exchange rate protectionism usually refers to the idea that a country's exchange rate might
be undervalued, causing the country to import less and export more than it would with a …