Integrated optical models allow for accurate prediction of the as-built performance of an
optical instrument. Optical models are typically composed of a separate ray trace and …

Our new method for optical modeling puts ray optics on a more solid foundation. This
method not only delivers higher accuracy, but also offers estimates of its own errors. The …

For diffraction-limited optical systems, an accurate physical optics model is necessary to
properly evaluate instrument performance. Astronomical observatories outfitted with …

Summary Zemax OpticStudio (Ansys, Inc) is a commonly used software package for
designing optical setups and performing ray tracing simulations. It offers an Application …

Abstract POPPY (Physical Optics Propagation in PYthon) simulates physical optical
propagation including diffraction. It implements a flexible framework for modeling Fraunhofer …

A vectorial diffraction theory that considers light polarization is essential to predict the
performance of optical systems that have a high numerical aperture or use engineered …

Paraxial diffraction modeling based on the Fourier transform has seen widespread
implementation for simulating the response of a diffraction-limited optical system. For …

Ray tracing, a computational method for tracing the trajectories of rays of light through
matter, is often used to characterize mechanical or biological visual systems with aberrations …

The library supports the modeling, evaluation, and visualization of an optical system at any
level, in the pupil plane, image plane, or k-space (MTF). This can also be done at the optical …

Optical systems, which operate over a wide range of Fresnel numbers, are often times
performance-limited by diffraction effects. In order to characterize such effects at the 40-100 …