The immune system plays a key role in gastrointestinal (GI) pathologies, being responsible
for protecting the body against infection, maintaining homeostasis, and regulating the …

The gut is among the most complex organs of the human body. It has to exert several
functions including food and water absorption while setting up an efficient barrier to the …

Inflammation is a defensive response of the innate and adaptive immune systems against
injury and/or harmful microorganisms to restore homeostasis. The activation of inflammatory …

Early studies on immunoglobulin A, the very first identified marker of adaptive immunity in
the gut mucosa, quickly led the way to the constantly expanding research field of mucosal …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a prolonged and disabling functional gastrointestinal
disorder with the incidence rate of more than 0.5% in public individuals, worldwide. IBD …

Intestinal microbiota is essential for gut homeostasis. Specifically, the microorganisms
inhabiting the gut lumen interact with the intestinal immune system, supply key nutrients for …

Gut microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi,
protists, and viruses. Different individuals have different compositions of gastrointestinal (GI) …

The protective intestinal epithelial barrier is constantly exposed to more than 100 trillion
commensal microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi), ie, the microbiome …

The phrase “gut microbiome” refers to the huge array of symbiotic bacteria in the
gastrointestinal tract of humans as well as their genomes that interact collectively. The latest …

The importance of the gut microbiota in human health is currently well established. It
contributes to many vital functions such as development of the host immune system …