ABSTRACT Since 2020, clade 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1
viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through …

Multiple recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N8 viruses originating in aquatic birds
frequently occurred in most European countries, Russia, South Korea, and Japan during the …

Highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N8) viruses had caused several outbreaks among wild
bird and poultry populations across the globe, and strikingly, caused human infection …

From 2013 onwards, the spread of novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
viruses in China has posed great threats to not only poultry industry but also human health …

The first detection of a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Bulgaria
dates back to December 2016. Since then, many outbreaks caused by HPAI H5 viruses from …

ABSTRACT H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is regarded as a principal donor of viral genes
through reassortment to cocirculating influenza viruses that can result in zoonotic …

Since late 2020, outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses
belonging to clade 2.3. 4.4 b have emerged in Europe. To investigate the evolutionary …

Migratory birds play a critical role in the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) H5N8 virus clade 2.3. 4.4 across Eurasia. Elucidating the timing and pattern of virus …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3. 4.4 b underwent an
explosive geographic expansion in 2021 among wild birds and domestic poultry across …

During the epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus in Europe in
2016–2017, HPAI viruses of subtype H5N5 were also isolated. However, the detection of …