Previous research finds a positive association between electoral fraud and post-election
protests, violence, and civil conflict. This article contends that the effect of electoral fraud on …

Elections ought to be an institutional mechanism of peaceful leadership selection. But even
today, one in five elections around the world are marred by violence during the campaign …

There is a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It is
not clear, however, whether this association is causal or due to unobserved factors. The …

Why are some elections contested with social unrest and protest–sometimes violent–while
others pass with little conflict? We focus our study on two types of election, each of which is …

Why does election fraud trigger protest in the aftermath of some competitive authoritarian
elections but not others? It is often argued that post-election protests occur when information …

Research on the dangers of democratization has long warned of the potential for elections to
spark civil conflict. Yet, this work has remained surprisingly isolated from the burgeoning …

Elections are the centerpiece of efforts to rehabilitate countries devastated by civil conflict,
and they are held increasingly often and early. We argue that the inability of postconflict …

Under what conditions do losing candidates file complaints about election fraud? And, what
can such complaints teach us about the nature and extent of election fraud? This paper …

This article investigates voting behavior and policy outcomes when violence can occur after
the election. The author finds that under complete information, voters will prefer the weak …

This article investigates the relationship between international election observation, election
fraud, and post-election violence. While international electoral missions could in principle …