Research has found that as the effective number of political parties increases, people are
more likely to delay their voting decisions. Yet, since voters have different political …

How does political socialization in a highly fragmented political scene affect propensity to
vote? This article focusses on the long-term relationship between the number of political …

Political fragmentation has been shown to be an important determinant of electoral turnout.
We introduce an empirical approach that allows disentangling the impact of two dimensions …

While the nature of party switching is expected to have significant consequences for
democratic representation, the current literature has not explored sufficiently the different …

A long-standing puzzle in electoral research is why the disproportionality of electoral
systems has a negative effect on voter participation in established democracies, but not in …

There is abundant empirical evidence that the plurality rule constrains party competition and
favors two-party systems. This reduction of party system fragmentation may be due to parties …

When legislators switch parties between elections this may be viewed as undemocratic
since, bypassing voters, they are changing the outcomes of elections. Do electoral …

Objectives The objective of this study is to explore how party systems can affect turnout by
exploring the conditional effect of number of parties and party polarization on democracies …

Although most new democracies have a relatively high level of party system fragmentation,
most of them experience a reduction in the number of parties over time. In Brazil, the number …

The literature on party system fragmentation emphasizes how political institutions and social
cleavages shape the long-term development of the party system, but short-term swings in …