Doxorubicin (DOX) constitutes the major constituent of anti-cancer treatment regimens
currently in clinical use. However, the precise mechanisms of DOX's action are not fully …

PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1)
play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmunity. Cancer …

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death. So, its lethal effect increases with time.
Near about hundreds of cancers are known in humans. Cancer treatment is done to cure or …

Simple Summary The cancer-immunity cycle is characterized by various stimulatory and
inhibitory factors, which together regulate the immune response and halt the extreme …

Cellular signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between cell
proliferation and apoptosis have emerged as rational targets that can be exploited in the …

DNA damage repair (DDR) is a double-edged sword with different roles in cancer
susceptibility and drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that DDR inhibitors affect immune …

Under physiological and stress conditions, mitochondria act as a signaling platform to
initiate biological events, establishing communication from the mitochondria to the rest of the …

The crucial role played by the oncogenic expression of TP53, stemming from mutation or
amyloid formation, in various human malignancies has been extensively studied over the …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death and the third most
diagnosed cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells participate …

Tumor immune escape is an important manner for colon cancer to escape effective killing by
immune system. Currently, the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy …