The mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 are still unclear. In this review, we
examine potential mechanisms that may explain why the sense of smell is lost or altered …

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the
pathogen and the human immune system under selective pressure; on the one hand, the …

In cultured cells, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via multiple pathways using different host
proteases. Recent studies have shown that the furin and TMPRSS2 (furin/TMPRSS2) …

Background The increase in SARS-CoV-2 infections in December 2021 was driven primarily
by the Omicron variant, which largely displaced the Delta over a three-week span. Outcomes …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA. 2 sub-
lineage has gained in proportion relative to BA. 1. Because spike (S) protein variations may …

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron rapidly outcompeted other variants and currently dominates the
COVID-19 pandemic. Its enhanced transmission and immune evasion are thought to be …

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have generated a worldwide health crisis due to
resistance to most approved SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and evasion of …

Mutations in the spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have independently
been shown to enhance aspects of spike protein fitness. Here, we describe an antibody …

Recent waves of COVID-19 correlate with the emergence of the Delta and the Omicron
variant. We report that the Spike trimer acts as a highly dynamic molecular caliper, thereby …

SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein mediates receptor binding and subsequent membrane
fusion. It exists in a range of conformations, including a closed state unable to bind the ACE2 …