The liver represents a major eliminating and detoxifying organ, determining exposure to
endogenous compounds, drugs, and other xenobiotics. Drug transporters (DTs) and drug …

Red blood cells (RBC) have great potential as drug delivery systems, capable of producing
unprecedented changes in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity …

Induction of intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes can complicate the development of new
drugs, owing to the potential to cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) leading to changes in …

Lipophilicity has a dominant effect on many parameters that determine unbound drug
exposure as well as drug potency. Despite this, analysis of a large body of drug data …

Melatonin is present in virtually all organisms from bacteria to mammals, and it exhibits a
broad spectrum of biological functions, including synchronization of circadian rhythms and …

Glucuronidation is a well-recognized phase II metabolic pathway for a variety of chemicals
including drugs and endogenous substances. Although it is usually the secondary metabolic …

Probenecid is used to treat gout and hyperuricemia as well as increase plasma levels of
antiviral drugs and antibiotics. In vivo, probenecid mainly inhibits the renal SLC22 organic …

The small intestine provides the major site for the absorption of numerous orally
administered drugs. However, before reaching to the systemic circulation to exert beneficial …

Intestinal metabolism can limit oral bioavailability of drugs and increase the risk of drug
interactions. It is therefore important to be able to predict and quantify it in drug discovery …

Transporter‐mediated drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) are a major cause of drug toxicities.
Using published genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of the human metabolome, we …