Guidelines published in 2016 provide a revised definition of sepsis: life-threatening organ
dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The guidelines define …

Background Severe trauma represents a major global public health burden and the
management of post-traumatic bleeding continues to challenge healthcare systems around …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition with various causes and is
associated with increased mortality. Despite advances in supportive care, AKI increases not …

Purpose Guidelines recommend crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in sepsis/shock and
switching to albumin in cases where crystalloids are insufficient. We evaluated …

Unique challenges arise when conducting trials to evaluate therapies already in common
clinical use, including difficulty enrolling patients owing to widespread open-label use of trial …

Background Intravenous fluids, an essential component of sepsis resuscitation, may
paradoxically worsen outcomes by exacerbating endothelial injury. Preclinical models …

Importance Approximately 20% to 30% of patients admitted to an intensive care unit have
sepsis. While fluid therapy typically begins in the emergency department, intravenous fluids …

In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
was discovered in Wuhan, China, the rapid spread of which culminated in a global …

Background Crystalloids and different component colloids, used for volume resuscitation,
are sometimes associated with various adverse effects. Clinical trial findings for such fluid …

Abstract Background This is Part 2 of the first consensus guidelines for optimal care of
patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL) using an Enhanced Recovery After …