Critical minerals are essential for the functioning of modern technologies and economies
and at risk of disruption to their supply chains. Global economic and technological changes …

The failures of engineered dams that retain freshwater or mining waste (tailings) have led to
socioeconomic and environmental consequences. However, the global magnitude …

Growing demand for minerals continues to drive deforestation worldwide. Tropical forests
are particularly vulnerable to the environmental impacts of mining and mineral processing …

Mining activities induce profound changes to societies and the environment they inhabit.
With global extraction of metal ores doubling over the past two decades, pressures related to …

The growing demand for minerals has pushed mining activities into new areas increasingly
affecting biodiversity-rich natural biomes. Mapping the land use of the global mining sector …

Freshwater salinisation is a growing problem, yet cross-regional assessments of freshwater
salinity status and the impact of agricultural and other sectoral uses are lacking. Here, we …

Mining has been, and remains, an integral part of human existence from Stone Age quarries
through to the iron and coal that fueled the industrial revolution, to the new materials needed …

Mineral resource extraction is often accompanied by severe environmental pollution and
ecological damage, hindering mining economies from achieving sustainable development …

Climate change and the increasing demand of water intensify the global water cycle, altering
the distribution of water in space and time. This is expected to result in wet areas getting …

Critical metals, identified from supply, demand, imports, and market factors, include rare
earth elements (REEs), platinum group metals, precious metals, and other valuable metals …