Even though most of the Earth's area is sheltered by the hydrosphere, the underwater world
is nonetheless a challenging puzzle that has drawn the attention of scientists and …

The drive for higher performance in optical fiber systems has renewed interest in coherent
detection. We review detection methods, including noncoherent, differentially coherent, and …

The rigid nature of current wavelength-routed optical networks brings limitations on network
utilization efficiency. One limitation originates from mismatch of granularities between the …

Upper and lower bounds are derived on the capacity of the free-space optical intensity
channel. This channel has a nonnegative input (representing the transmitted optical …

Coherent optical transmission systems have a four-dimensional (4–D) signal space (two
quadratures in two polarizations). These four dimensions can be used to create modulation …

The deployment of high-order modulation formats in optical fiber transmission systems is
presently seen as a promising way of increasing spectral efficiency and of making better use …

The transmission performance of a free-space optical (FSO) link could be severely degraded
due to atmospheric turbulence, which causes the temporal and spatial fluctuation of light …

Optical networks are supporting a wide range of communication services including
residential services, enterprise services, and mobile services. Figure 1 illustrates a typical …

We use the Stokes photon of a biphoton pair to set the time origin for electro-optic
modulation of the wave function of the anti-Stokes photon thereby allowing arbitrary phase …

This tutorial highlights challenges and opportunities in achieving efficient flexible optical
networks. Optical signal processing may potentially increase network flexibility because of …