B cells develop from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Once generated, they
serve multiple roles in immune regulation and host defense. However, their most important …

The understanding of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is in evolution.
CVID was previously a diagnosis of exclusion. New diagnostic criteria have allowed the …

The caspase activation and recruitment domain-coiled-coil (CARD-CC) family of proteins—
CARD9, CARD10, CARD11, and CARD14—is collectively expressed across nearly all …

Pathogen adaptations during host-pathogen co-evolution can cause the host balance
between immunity and immunopathology to rapidly shift. However, little is known in natural …

Methods: Islets from mouse pancreas were isolated by the collagenase digestion method.
Expression of CARD9 was suppressed in INS-1 832/13 cells by siRNA transfection using the …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a critical subset of CD4 T cells that modulate the immune
response to prevent autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. CARD11, a signaling hub and …

The boy was born at term as the first child of healthy nonconsanguineous parents from the
Balkan countries. Newborn screening was normal including TREC (T cell receptor excision …

Cryptococcus is a genus of fungal pathogens that can infect and cause disease in a range of
host species and is particularly prominent in koalas (Phascolarctos cinerus). Like other host …

Human BCL10 deficiency causes combined immunodeficiency with bone marrow
transplantation as its only curative option. To date, there are four homozygous mutations …

Recent progress in the methods of genetic diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity has
contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic mucocutaneous …