The importance of carbohydrate as a fuel source for exercise and athletic performance is
well established. Equally well developed are dietary carbohydrate intake guidelines for …

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) has various different risk factors, numerous
signs and symptoms and is heavily influenced by one's environment. Accordingly, there is …

Abstract Adolescence (ages 13–18 years) is a period of significant growth and physical
development that includes changes in body composition, metabolic and hormonal …

Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it
can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs, training load, recovery, social …

Low energy availability (LEA) occurs inadvertently and purposefully in many athletes across
numerous sports; and well planned, supervised periods with moderate LEA can improve …

Results: In assessing the current literature, we have synthesized: i) the scientific implications
of LEA and RED-S, ii) the clinical manifestations of the conditions currently available for …

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) was first introduced in 2014 by the International
Olympic Committee's expert writing panel, identifying a syndrome of deleterious health and …

Elite and semielite athletes commonly experience mental health concerns and disorders.
Compared with men athletes, women athletes are at greater risk of a range of psychological …

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a complex syndrome describing health and
performance consequences of low energy availability (LEA) and is common among female …

A questionnaire-based screening tool for male athletes at risk of low energy availability
(LEA) could facilitate both research and clinical practice. The present options rely on proxies …