Over the past three years, remarkable advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) have
emerged, propelled by the introduction of Y6—an innovative A‐DA'D‐A type small molecule …

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have developed rapidly since the advent of fused-ring
electron acceptors (FREAs). FREAs bearing bulky fused-ring cores, end-capped with …

The photorefractive (PR) effect is defined as spatial modulation of the index of refraction due
to charge redistribution in an optically nonlinear material. The effect arises when …

Nonlinear optics has been a rapidly growing field in recent decades. It is based on the study
of effects and phenomena related to the interaction of intense coherent light radiation with …

Considerable progress has been made in organic photorefractive materials, since the first
observation of photorefractive phenomena from organic materials. Within recent years, a …

Poly {(4-nitrophenyl)-3-[N-[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] carbazolyl]] diazene} was prepared
and its photoinduced birefringence, diffraction grating, and photorefractive asymmetric two …

To manifest photorefractive effects, a polymer must possess a photocharge generator, a
charge transporter, a charge trapping center, and a nonlinear optical chromophore. We …

Photorefractive (PR) materials are multifunctional materials which combine
photoconductivity and an electro-optic (EO) response to manifest a photorefractive effect. 1 …

Two new phosphonate-terminated polar azo dyes, one that is substantially rigid (1) and the
other with a large molecular hyperpolarizability (2), were designed and incorporated into …

Materials demonstrating a photorefractive effect are principal candidates for numerous
applications, including high‐density optical data storage, optical image processing, phase …