The zoonotic emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
and the ensuing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have profoundly affected …

A hyperinflammatory response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection crucially worsens clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine
production, viral RNA and a sustained interferon (IFN) response, all of which are …

Inflammation observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients suggests that inflammasomes,
proinflammatory intracellular complexes, regulate various steps of infection. Lung epithelial …

In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm …

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens;
however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is …

Pyroptosis is a programmed necrotic cell death executed by gasdermins, a family of pore-
forming proteins. The cleavage of gasdermins by specific proteases enables their pore …

The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mainly targets the lung
as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe …

NAD+, as an emerging regulator of immune responses during viral infections, may be a
promising therapeutic target for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this Opinion, we …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), showing high
infectiousness, resulted in an ongoing pandemic termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …