Fifty years of fixed optical networks evolution: a survey of architectural and technological developments in a layered approach

D Uzunidis, M Logothetis, A Stavdas, D Hillerkuss… - Telecom, 2022 - mdpi.com
Over the past fifty years, telecommunications has transformed, in an unprecedented manner,
the way we live, work and communicate. For telecommunications, fixed networks are the one …

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

SHS Newaz, E Ahvar, MS Ahsan… - … Surveys & Tutorials, 2024 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The Passive Optical Network (PON) has been evolving continuously in terms of architecture
and capacity to keep up with the demand for high-speed Internet access in the access …

Proposed an efficient multilevel dynamic bandwidth allocation (M-DBA) scheme for FiWi networks

NH Abed, MJ AL-Dujaili, SA Abbas - Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2022 - Springer
In recent years demand for high speed and robust wireless networks are increasing due to
the growth of accessing social networks from mobiles and computer systems. The recent …

Optical amplifiers for access and passive optical networks: A tutorial

T Horvath, J Radil, P Munster, NH Bao - Applied Sciences, 2020 - mdpi.com
For many years, passive optical networks (PONs) have received a considerable amount of
attention regarding their potential for providing broadband connectivity, especially in remote …

A qos-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for passive optical networks with non-zero laser tuning time

M Zehri, A Haastrup, D Rincón, JR Piney, S Sallent… - Photonics, 2021 - mdpi.com
The deployment of new 5G services and future demands for 6G make it necessary to
increase the performance of access networks. This challenge has prompted the …

Lasers in passive optical networks and the activation process of an end unit: A tutorial

T Horvath, P Munster, NH Bao - Electronics, 2020 - mdpi.com
It is 21 years since the first passive optical network (PON) was standardized as an
asynchronous transfer mode passive optical network (APON) with same optical distribution …

Sleep-aware wavelength and bandwidth assignment scheme for TWDM PON

RA Butt, M Faheem, MW Ashraf, A Arfeen… - Optical and Quantum …, 2021 - Springer
The energy efficiency and delay performance of PON are two inversely related phenomena.
Higher sleep time of the Optical Network Units (ONUs) results in higher upstream (US) …

Energy‐Efficient Regional Area Metropolitan Optical Access Network (RAMOAN) Using Modified Load Adaptive Sequence Arrangement (M‐LASA) Methodology

T Senthil Kumar, V Mohan - International Transactions on …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
Energy efficiency in optical networks is one of the important criteria to attain enhanced
performance. Better energy efficiency can be attained in optical networks if the resources are …

Enhanced energy savings with adaptive watchful sleep mode for next generation passive optical network

RA Butt, A Akhunzada, M Faheem, B Raza - Energies, 2022 - mdpi.com
A single watchful sleep mode (WSM) combines the features of both cyclic sleep mode (CSM)
and cyclic doze mode (CDM) in a single process by periodically turning ON and OFF the …

Research on the knowledge association reasoning of financial reports based on a graph network

Z Liang, D Pan, Y Deng - Sustainability, 2020 - mdpi.com
With increasingly strict supervision, the complexity of enterprises' annual reports has
increased significantly, and the size of the text corpus has grown at an enormous rate …