The affective, identity based, and often negative nature of partisan polarization in the United
States has been a subject of much scholarly attention. Applying insights from recent work in …

Why have so many established political parties across Latin America collapsed in recent
years? Party Brands in Crisis offers an explanation that highlights the effect of elite actions …

We use an experiment across the Arab Twittersphere and a nationally representative survey
experiment in Lebanon to evaluate what types of counter-speech interventions are most …

Scholars disagree about the nature of party attachments, viewing partisanship as either a
social identity or a rational maximization of expected utility. Empirically, much of this debate …

When are citizens most likely to hold politicians to account for wrongdoing? In a crowded
information environment, political accountability requires that credible information about …

Does political competition exacerbate economic discrimination between citizens on ethnic or
partisan cleavages? Individuals often discriminate on group lines in ordinary economic …

Elections are defining elements of democracy but occur infrequently. Given that elections
evoke mass mobilization, we expect citizen attachments to political parties to wax during …

In advanced democracies, citizens' attachments to a party strongly influence their political
behavior. Party attachments often determine not only how people vote, but also how they …

The Michigan model, named after the institution where it was first articulated, has been used
to explain voting behavior in North American and Western European democracies. In Latin …

A pillar of American foreign policy in the Middle East since September 11, 2001, has been
promoting democracy, with particular emphasis on support for women's representation …