Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered paramyxovirus that is a major
cause of lower-respiratory-tract disease. hMPV is associated with more severe disease in …

The production of pathogen‐specific B cells and antibodies underlies protective immunity
elicited by most vaccines and many infections. Humoral immunity follows a regulated …

Recent evidence indicates the presence of macrophage subpopulations that express the
TCRαβ in chronic inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis and atherosclerosis and in …

West Nile virus (WNV)-neutralizing intravenous immune globulins (IVIG) were fractionated
into IgG subclasses, and the contribution of each subclass to in vitro neutralization of and in …

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a leading cause of viral encephalitis worldwide.
Although JEV-specific antibodies have been described, an assessment of their ability to …

Background Genotype I (GI) Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) that replaced GIII virus has
become the dominant circulating virus in Asia. Currently, all registered live and inactivated …

Serological cross-reactivity providing cross-protective immunity between antigenically
related viruses is a cornerstone of vaccination. It was the immunological basis for the first …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic virus that circulates in birds and is transmitted by
mosquitoes. Incidentally, humans, horses and other mammals can also be infected. Disease …

Cross-reactive dengue virus (DENV) antibodies directed against the envelope (E) and
precursor membrane (prM) proteins are believed to contribute to the development of severe …

The flavivirus envelope protein domain III (EDIII) was an effective immunogen against
dengue virus (DENV) and other related flaviviruses. Whether this can be applied to the Zika …