This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical issues dealing with Social Security
pensions. The first part of the chapter discusses pure pay-as-you-go plans. It considers the …

This study investigates how sustainable economic development in emerging nations could
be enhanced by realizing opportunities presented by the demographic dividend, the digital …

Cellular senescence is a biological aging hallmark that plays a key role in the development
of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical trials are currently underway to evaluate the …

New estimates of economic flows by age combined with population projections show that in
the coming decades (1) global GDP growth could be slower by about 1 percentage point per …

Population aging is expected to slow US economic growth. We use variation in the
predetermined component of population aging across states to estimate the impact of aging …

In the end of December 2019, there was a reported of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.
Later, this virus named COVID-19 became one of a major outbreak of the world. Since the …

The worldwide spread of neoliberalism has transformed economies, polities, and societies
everywhere. In conventional accounts, American and Western European economists, such …

The global demographic transition began around 1800 in Europe with declining mortality
followed by declining fertility, trends which spread around the world and continue in this …

The study of intergenerational mobility and most population research are governed by a two-
generation (parent-to-offspring) view of intergenerational influence, to the neglect of the …

Elderly individuals exhibit wide disparities in their sources of income. For those in the bottom
half of the income distribution, Social Security is the most important source of support; …