Nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors are cytoplasmic pattern-
recognition receptors that together with RIG-I-like receptor (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1) …

Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs),
especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency …

Electrical stimulation (ES) has been applied in cell culture system to enhance neural stem
cell (NSC) proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration, and integration. According to the …

In addition to biochemical gradients and transcriptional networks, cell behavior is regulated
by endogenous bioelectrical cues originating in the activity of ion channels and pumps …

Survival of human and animal cells requires avoidance of excessive alterations of cell
volume. The osmolarity amassed by cellular accumulation of organic substances must be …

Apoptosis, a type of genetically controlled cell death, is a fundamental cellular mechanism
utilized by multicellular organisms for disposal of cells that are no longer needed or …

The delineation of key molecular pathways has enhanced our knowledge of the biology of
tumor microenvironment, tumor dissemination, and carcinogenesis. The complexities of cell …

Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) comprise five subtypes: The L‑type; R‑type; N‑
type; P/Q‑type; and T‑type, which are encoded by α1 subunit genes. Calcium ion channels …

Targeted therapy is considerably changing the treatment and prognosis of cancer.
Progressive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the establishment …

Ion transport across the cell membrane mediated by channels and carriers participate in the
regulation of tumour cell survival, death and motility. Moreover, the altered regulation of …