Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm …

Critical COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently suffer from
severe multiple organ dysfunction with underlying widespread cell death. Ferroptosis and …

The release of interleukin (IL)-6 is stimulated by antigenic peptides from pathogens as well
as by immune cells for activating aggressive inflammation. IL-6 inducing peptides are …

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is recently emerging not only as a stress-
related mitokine, but also as a key player in the aging process, being one of the most up …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet
understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll …

Inflammation is an essential component of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 is characterized …

In 1747, an important milestone in the history of clinical research was set, as the Scottish
surgeon James Lind conducted the first randomized controlled trial. Lind was interested in …