Executive summary Although health outcomes have improved in low-income and middle-
income countries (LMICs) in the past several decades, a new reality is at hand. Changing …

Background: Recent health system shocks such as the Ebola outbreak of 2014–2016 and
the global financial crisis of 2008 have generated global health interest in the concept of …

The concept of health system resilience has gained popularity in the global health
discourse, featuring in UN policies, academic articles and conferences. While substantial …

Background: Health systems are based on 6 functions that need to work together at all times
to effectively deliver safe and quality health services. These functions are vulnerable to …

The recent outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa has drawn attention to the
role and responsiveness of health systems in the face of shock. It brought into sharp focus …

Responsiveness is a key objective of national health systems. Responsive health systems
anticipate and adapt to existing and future health needs, thus contributing to better health …

Abstract System resilience has long been an area of study, and the term has become
increasingly used across different sectors. Studies on resilience in health systems are more …

The importance of community engagement (CE) for health system resilience is established
in theoretical and empirical literature. The practical dimensions of how to operationalize …

Background Decentralisation is argued to promote community participation, accountability,
technical efficiency, and equity in the management of resources, and has been a recurring …

Introduction The variety of frameworks and models to describe resilience in the health
system has led researchers and policymakers to confusion and the inability to its …