The vascular blood–brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and
brain. Its primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Lung infections and smoking are risk factors for multiple sclerosis, a T-cell-mediated
autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. In addition, the lung serves as a niche …

The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …

In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS
parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive …

For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune
activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A …

INTRODUCTION Under homeostasis, the central nervous system (CNS) hosts microglia
(MG) and CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs). During experimental autoimmune …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have
important physiological functions in maintaining tissue homeostasis but also contribute to …

The segregation and limited regenerative capacity of the CNS necessitate a specialized and
tightly regulated resident immune system that continuously guards the CNS against invading …