The thalamus is a small, bilateral structure in the diencephalon that integrates signals from
many areas of the CNS. This critical anatomical position allows the thalamus to influence …

Functions of the neocortex depend on its bidirectional communication with the thalamus, via
cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loops. Recent work dissecting the synaptic connectivity in …

Inhibitory control is a fundamental mechanism underlying flexible behavior and features in
theories across many areas of cognitive and psychological science. However, whereas …

The neurobiological mechanisms of arousal and anesthesia remain poorly understood.
Recent evidence highlights the key role of interactions between the cerebral cortex and the …

Abstract Models of cognitive function typically focus on the cerebral cortex and hence
overlook functional links to subcortical structures. This view does not consider the role of the …

Interactions with large language models (LLMs) have led to the suggestion that these
models may soon be conscious. From the perspective of neuroscience, this position is …

Dystonia is a debilitating disease with few treatment options. One effective option is deep
brain stimulation (DBS) to the internal pallidum. While cervical and generalized forms of …

Brain structure scaffolds intrinsic function, supporting cognition and ultimately behavioral
flexibility. However, it remains unclear how a static, genetically controlled architecture …

To understand how pharmacological interventions can exert their powerful effects on brain
function, we need to understand how they engage the brain's rich neurotransmitter …

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying consciousness remains a
significant challenge. Recent evidence suggests that the coupling between distal–apical …