Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal
influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin …

In 1918 many countries, but not Spain, were fighting World War I. Spanish press could report
about the diffusion and severity of a new infection without censorship for the first-time, so that …

Seasonal influenza A viruses continue to pose a public health threat, and current vaccines
are not sufficiently effective because of virus mutation. There is an urgent need to develop a …

Introduction Influenza vaccines play a vital role in protecting individuals from influenza virus
infection and severe illness. However, current influenza vaccines have suboptimal efficacy …

The development of a cross-protective pan-influenza A vaccine remains a significant
challenge. In this study, we designed and evaluated single-component self-assembling …

The current influenza vaccines are unable to provide effective protection in many cases, like
influenza viruses strain antigenic drift or shift, and the influenza continues to cause …

Influenza A virus is an important respiratory pathogen that poses serious threats to human
health. Owing to the high mutation rate of viral genes, weaker cross-protection of vaccines …

Background: Influenza viruses continue to cause a significant social and economic burden
globally. Vaccination is recognized as the most effective measure to control influenza. Live …

Infection with influenza A virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS‐CoV‐2) poses a significant risk to human life, health, and the global economy …

Neuraminidase (NA) is an important surface protein on influenza virions, playing an
essential role in the viral life cycle and being a key target of the immune system. Despite the …