Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID‐19 are the first authorized biological
preparations developed using this platform. During the pandemic, their administration has …

Modern drug delivery technology began in 1952 with the advent of the Spansule® sustained-
release capsule technology, which can deliver a drug for 12 h after oral administration …

Different mechanisms mediate the toxicity of RNA. Genomic retroviral mRNA hijacks infected
host cell factors to enable virus replication. The viral genomic RNA of the human …

The structural integrity of vaccine antigens is critical to the generation of protective antibody
responses, but the impact of protease activity on vaccination in vivo is poorly understood …

Adaptive immunity is didactically partitioned into humoral and cell-mediated effector
mechanisms, which may imply that each arm is separate and does not function together …

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is the core of HIV vaccine design. bnAbs
specific to the V2-apex region of the HIV envelope acquire breadth and potency with modest …

Over the past two centuries, vaccines have been critical for the prevention of infectious
diseases and are considered milestones in the medical and public health history. The World …

HIV-1 infection and its progression to AIDS remains a significant global health challenge,
particularly for low-income countries. Developing a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infections has …

There have been substantial advances in HIV research over the past three decades, but we
are still far from our goal of eliminating HIV-1 infection entirely. Numerous ever-evolving …

Due to the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years, the
pathological outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has …