Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic
humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is …

The world is in need of next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Although first-generation
injectable COVID-19 vaccines continue to be critical tools in controlling the current global …

Background To inform future preventive measures including repeated vaccinations, we have
searched for a clinically useful immune correlate of protection against fatal COVID-19 …

Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants acquired convergent mutations at receptor-
binding domain (RBD) hot spots. Their impact on viral infection, transmission, and efficacy of …

The global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines has played a critical role in reducing pandemic
spread, disease severity, hospitalizations, and deaths. However, the first-generation …

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic prompted rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines.
Although several vaccines have received emergency approval through various public health …

Understanding mucosal antibody responses from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination
is crucial to develop strategies for longer term immunity, especially against emerging viral …

Background As a debilitating condition that can impact a whole spectrum of people and
involve multi-organ systems, long COVID has aroused the most attention than ever …

Monoclonal therapeutic antibodies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and other
diseases. Fc engineering aims to enhance the effector functions or half-life of therapeutic …

A growing body of evidence shows that fragment crystallizable (Fc)-dependent antibody
effector functions play an important role in protection from severe acute respiratory …