The recent discussion on scientific representation has focused on models and their
relationship to the real world. It has been assumed that models give us knowledge because …

Evidence from children's performance in a variety of tasks suggests a change in the kinds of
similarities children notice and use: Children tend to focus on literal similarity and then shift …

Recent studies have provided evidence for mental simulation as a strategy in mechanical
reasoning. This type of reasoning can be dissociated from reasoning based on descriptive …

This article explores aspects of a unified psychological model for mathematical learning and
problem solving, based on several different types of representational systems and their …

A broad range of well-structured problems—embracing forms of diagnosis, catalog
selection, and skeletal planning—are solved in 'expert systems' by the methods of heuristic …

Blocks-based programming environments are becoming increasingly common in
introductory programming courses, but to date, little comparative work has been done to …

Representation is a crucial element for a theory of mathematics teaching and learning, not
only because the use of symbolic systems is so important in mathematics, the syntax and …

Knowledge representation is fundamental to the study of mind. All theories of psychological
processing are rooted in assumptions about how information is stored. These assumptions …