Women undergo important changes in sex hormones throughout their lifetime that can
impact cardiovascular disease risk. Whereas the traditional cardiovascular risk factors …

BACKGROUND Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) are the most abundant lymphocytes found
in the decidua during implantation and in first trimester pregnancy. They are important for …

STUDY QUESTION What are the updates for the recommended management of women with
recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) based on the best available evidence in the literature from …

BACKGROUND Although spontaneous miscarriage is the most common complication of
human pregnancy, potential contributing factors are not fully understood. Advanced …

STUDY QUESTION Does septum resection improve reproductive outcomes in women with a
septate uterus? SUMMARY ANSWER Hysteroscopic septum resection does not improve …

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a complex health challenge with no universally accepted
definition. Inconsistency in definitions involves not only the number of spontaneous …

The field of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is evolving fast, and best practice advice is
essential for regulation and standardisation of diagnostic testing. The previous ESHRE …

Severe thyroid dysfunction may lead to menstrual disorders and infertility via direct and
indirect interactions with the hypothalamo–pituitary–ovarian axis and the reproductive …

BACKGROUND Approximately 50% of pregnancy losses are caused by chromosomal
abnormalities, such as aneuploidy. The remainder has an apparent euploid karyotype, but it …

Male infertility affects half of infertile couples and, currently, a relevant percentage of cases
of male infertility is considered as idiopathic. Although the male contribution to human …