Examining the purity of meat is a classical problem in developing countries, especially in
Indonesia. The high economic value of beef causes counterfeiting to occur frequently. The …

Food is one of the basic essential elements for human beings. Its quality is directly related to
our physical, emotional, and social well-being. An electronic nose is a non-destructive …

Food adulteration is the most serious problem found in the food industry as it harms people's
healths and undermines their beliefs. The present study is focused on designing and …

Strong demand and strong price of raw foodstuffs like beef was commonly used in
conventional markets by beef dealers to commit fraud in order to gain larger income. The …

This research is motivated by the need for halal foods in Muslim society with the purpose of
avoiding non-halal foods, such as pork, that are sold in the market. Although beef and pork …