The application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is coming of
age in drug development and regulation, reflecting significant advances over the past 10 …

Ageing is characterized by a progressive decline in the functional reserve of multiple organs
and systems, which can influence drug disposition. In addition, comorbidity and …

Intracellular concentrations of drugs and metabolites are often important determinants of
efficacy, toxicity, and drug interactions. Hepatic drug distribution can be affected by many …

Variability in individual capacity for hepatic elimination of therapeutic drugs is well
recognized and is associated with variable expression and activity of liver enzymes and …

Adverse side effects of drug–drug interactions induced by human cytochrome P450 (CYP)
inhibition is an important consideration, especially, during the research phase of drug …

In recent years, the issue of herbal medicine-drug interactions has generated significant
concern. Such interactions can increase the risk for an individual patient, especially with …

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) may lead to adverse effects and potentially result in drug
withdrawal from the market. Predicting DDIs during drug development would help reduce …

Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors can affect an individual patient's drug exposure and
response. 1 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published a number of …

Pharmacokinetic drug interactions can lead to serious adverse events or decreased drug
efficacy. The evaluation of a new molecular entity's (NME's) drug–drug interaction potential …

OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are transporters that are expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of
hepatocytes; they accept a number of therapeutic reagents as their substrates. In vitro and in …