Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty
deposits in the inner walls of vessels. These plaques restrict blood flow and lead to …

Multiple layers of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are present in blood vessels
forming the media of the vessel wall. vSMCs provide a vessel wall structure, enabling it to …

Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review
aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular …

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have revolutionized the
treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD). However, many …

Ferroptosis and pyroptosis have not been fully studied in atherosclerosis. We aimed to
investigate the expression of ferroptosis-related and pyroptosis-related proteins in human …

Atherosclerotic Plaque Healing Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and erosion result in acute
coronary syndromes. Plaque healing after initial disruption has been less extensively …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the
subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the …

The implication of the heterogeneous spectrum of pro-and anti-inflammatory macrophages
(Macs) has been an important area of investigation over the last decade. The polarization of …

A wide variety of cell populations, including both immune and endothelial cells, participate in
the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Among these groups, macrophages deserve special …

Abstract Purpose of the Review In this review, we summarize current insights into the
versatile roles of endothelial cells in atherogenesis. Recent Findings The vascular …