Drug metabolism and excretion play crucial roles in determining the efficacy and safety of
drug candidates, and predicting these processes is an essential part of drug discovery and …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling is well established in the pharmaceutical
industry and is accepted by regulatory agencies for the prediction of drug–drug interactions …

Organic anion transporters (OATs) are important in the renal secretion, and thus, the
clearance, of many drugs; and their functional change can result in pharmacokinetic …

Microphysiological systems (MPS) provide relevant physiological environments in vitro for
studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and biological mechanisms for …

Minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models are an alternative to full
physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models as they offer reduced complexity …

Prediction of pharmacokinetic profiles of new chemical entities is essential in drug
development to minimize the risks of potential withdrawals. The excretion of unchanged …

Development of submodels of organs within physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)
principles and beyond simple perfusion limitations may be challenging because of …

Transporters contribute to renal elimination of drugs; therefore drug disposition can be
impacted if transporters are inhibited by comedicant drugs. Regulatory agencies have …

Abstract P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an efflux transporter that plays an important role in the
pharmacokinetics of its substrate, and P‐gp activities can be altered by induction and …

Kidney is a major route of xenobiotic excretion, but the accuracy of preclinical data for
predicting in vivo clearance is limited by species differences and non-physiologic 2D culture …