Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Recognition of the non-self signature of invading pathogens is a crucial step for the initiation
of the innate immune mechanisms of the host. The host response to viral and bacterial …

To better understand the response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to
Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) infection, we investigated the intestinal bacterial …

Growing evidences have demonstrated that multiple TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins exert
critical roles in host defense against different microbial pathogens. Although mammalian …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins showing broad-spectrum antimicrobial
activity that have been known to be powerful agents against a variety of pathogens (bacteria …

Viral diseases are responsible for high rates of mortality and subsequent economic losses in
modern aquaculture. The nervous necrosis virus (NNV) produces viral encephalopathy and …

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) rhabdovirus (MSRV) was isolated from infected
juveniles of largemouth bass, and the infected fish exhibited corkscrew, irregular swimming …

TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins have been demonstrated to exert critical roles in host defense
against different microbial pathogens. Among them, TRIM23 acts as an important regulatory …

Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus
(RGNNV) are important pathogens that cause high mortality and heavy economic losses in …

Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an interferon (IFN)-induced gene that catalyzes the
oxidation of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which exerts broad-spectrum …