Background: Children with multiple exposures to anesthesia and surgery may have an
increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. Sevoflurane is a commonly used …

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and is
intricately linked to learning and memory. Its activity depends on the expression of AMPA …

The neuroprotective properties for certain medical gases have been observed for decades,
leading to extensive research that has been widely reported and continues to garner …

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a neurobehavioral syndrome caused by dysfunction of
neural activity mainly in elderly people. POD is not uncommon, but under-recognized, and …

Mitochondria damage and apoptosis were found associated with sevoflurane induced
neurotoxicity in developing brains of rodent and neuro cell lines. The detailed upstream …

November 2016• Volume 123• Number 5 www. anesthesia-analgesia. org 1287 induction
and maintenance of anesthesia and procedural and critical care sedation in children. The …

Thousands of infants and children undergo complicated surgical procedures that require
prolonged periods of anesthesia and/or sedation each year. A growing body of preclinical …

Each year, about six million children, including 1.5 million infants, in the United States
undergo surgery with general anesthesia, often requiring repeated exposures. However, a …

Purpose For over 150 years of anesthetic practice, it was believed that the effects of general
anesthetics were temporary and not adverse. A growing number of studies over the past 2 …

Background Sevoflurane anaesthesia induces phosphorylation of the microtubule-
associated protein tau and cognitive impairment in neonatal, but not adult, mice. The …