Gender differences in spatial aptitude are well established by adulthood, particularly when
measured by tasks that require the mental rotation of objects (Linn & Petersen, 1985; Voyer …

There is an emerging consensus that spatial thinking plays a fundamental role in how
people conceive, express, and perform mathematics. However, the underlying nature of this …

Surprising new findings indicate that many conclusions about sex differences and
similarities in cognitive abilities need to be reexamined. Cognitive sex differences are …

The relations among various spatial and mathematics skills were assessed in a cross-
sectional study of 854 children from kindergarten, third, and sixth grades (ie, 5 to 13 years of …

Although primary studies often report multiple outcomes, the covariances between these
outcomes are rarely reported. This leads to difficulties when combining studies in a meta …

Navigation ability varies widely across humans. Prior studies have reported that being
younger and a male has an advantage for navigation ability. However, these studies have …

As a result of considerable potential scientific and societal implications, the possibility of
enhancing cognitive ability by training has been one of the most influential topics of …

This meta-analysis of 260 independent samples assessed the effects of diversity training on
4 training outcomes over time and across characteristics of training context, design, and …

Because math knowledge begins to develop at a young age to varying degrees, it is
important to identify foundational cognitive and academic skills that might contribute to its …

We tested whether mental rotation training improved math performance in 6-to 8-year-olds.
Children were pretested on a range of number and math skills. Then one group received a …