Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) is a fast moving class of targeted biotherapeutics that
currently combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of a payload …

Sepsis is a persistent systemic inflammatory condition involving multiple organ failures
resulting from a dysregulated immune response to infection, and one of the hallmarks of …

Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

Imidazoquinoline derivatives (IMDs) and related compounds function as synthetic agonists
of Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) and one is FDA approved for topical antiviral and skin …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both
pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or …

Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that present as different functional phenotypes due to
their plasticity. They can be classified into two categories, namely M1-and M2-like …

Marburg virus disease (MVD) caused by the Marburg virus (MARV) generally appears with
flu-like symptoms and leads to severe hemorrhagic fever. It spreads via direct contact with …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has evolved as a revolutionized therapeutic
modality to eradicate tumor cells by releasing the brake of the antitumor immune response …