User authentication remains a challenging issue, despite the existence of a large number of
proposed solutions, such as traditional text-based, graphical-based, biometrics-based, Web …

Clonal selection algorithms (CSAs) are a kind of Artificial Immune Algorithms (AIAs). In this
paper, recent advances in clonal selection algorithms are summarized and reviewed. First …

The objective of dynamic multimodal optimization problems (DMMOPs) is to find all global
optima in a dynamic environment. Although dynamic optimization problems (DOPs) have …

Secure password storage is a vital aspect in systems based on password authentication,
which is still the most widely used authentication technique, despite some security flaws. In …

The energy‐constrained devices such as the mobile terminals and nodes of the Internet of
Things make lightweight security schemes an urgent need. The traditional identity …

With the increased number and reduced cost of smart devices, Internet of Things (IoT)
applications such as smart home (SHome) are increasingly popular. Owing to the …

Despite numerous efforts, developing an authentication scheme that offers strong security
while offering memorability and usability remains a grand challenge. In this paper, we …

The world is vastly becoming a completely digital one with most transactions carried out over
the internet. This has exposed the internet to increasing threats and attacks and has …

With the rapid development of network communication technology, identity authentication
based on smart cards is one of the most common two-factor authentication schemes. In …

Authentication nowadays is an important issue that cannot depend only on static passwords
because it is vulnerable and subjected to many types of attacks. Many researchers …