Introduction The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognised. This has
important clinical implications, as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions …

Diet has been speculated to be a factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
and may be an important factor in managing disease symptoms. Patients manipulate their …

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal chronic inflammatory
condition and includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It has been …

Abstract This ECCO Topical Review of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation
[ECCO] focuses on the role of environmental factors with respect to the development of …

Vitamin D plays an active role beyond mineral metabolism and skeletal health, including
regulation of the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent, and …

Background & Aims The epidemiology of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is challenging to
study because of the diseases' rarity and because of cohort selection bias. Increased …

Supplementation by the general public with vitamin D at doses above the Tolerable Upper
Level of Intake (UL) is becoming quite common. The objective of the current analysis was to …

Vitamin D has recently been discovered to be a potential immune modulator. Low serum
vitamin D levels have been associated with risk of relapse and exacerbation of clinical …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a range of adverse health effects including diarrhea …

Objective: Observational evidence supports an inverse association between
hypovitaminosis D and blood pressure (BP), but intervention data have failed to demonstrate …