Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

The implementation of antiviral treatments and prophylaxis strategies in fish aquaculture
needs to be established. The absence of commercial vaccines for most viral diseases …

Interferons (IFNs) are critical soluble factors in the immune system and are composed of
three types,(I, II and III) that utilize different receptor complexes IFN-αR1/IFN-αR2, IFN …

Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs),
possess specific pathogen-related molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition spectrum in …

IFN-γ, as the sole member of mammalian type II IFN, is a multifunctional cytokine which
exerts its effects through two distinct IFN-γ receptors, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. However, in …

Teleost type I interferons (IFNs) are categorized into group I and II subgroups that bind to
distinct receptors to activate antiviral responses. However, the interaction between ifn …

Rhabdoviruses are pathogens threatening aquaculture industry. Although the viruses are
reported from a range of fish species, the knowledge on their isolate genome variation and …

IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) can act as effector molecules against viral infection and can
also regulate pathogenic infection and host immune response. N-Myc and STAT interactor …

In mammals, type I IFNs, which commonly contain one or two disulfide bonds, activate the
JAK-STAT signaling pathway through binding to the common cell surface receptor formed by …

Grouper iridovirus is a devastating pathogen that belongs to the genus Ranavirus. Based on
the previous results that natural ingredient quercetin isolated from Illicium verum Hook. f …