Knowledge of causal effects is of great importance to decision makers in a wide variety of
settings. In many cases, however, these causal effects are not known to the decision makers …

A/B testing, also referred to as online controlled experimentation or continuous
experimentation, is a form of hypothesis testing where two variants of a piece of software are …

The use of statistical significance and p-values has become a matter of substantial
controversy in various fields using statistical methods. This has gone as far as some journals …

Getting numbers is easy; getting numbers you can trust is hard. This practical guide by
experimentation leaders at Google, LinkedIn, and Microsoft will teach you how to accelerate …

In this essay I discuss potential outcome and graphical approaches to causality, and their
relevance for empirical work in economics. I review some of the work on directed acyclic …

Don't fly blind. See how the power of experiments works for you. When it comes to improving
customer experiences, trying out new business models, or developing new products, even …

Switchback experiments, where a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to random
treatments, are among the most prevalent designs used in the technology sector, with …

The effectiveness of social media marketing is a topic of great interest for researchers as
well as marketers. To enrich the literature regarding the effectiveness of various types of …

This essay describes the evolution and recent convergence of two methodological
approaches to causal inference. The first one, in statistics, started with the analysis and …

The rise of internet-based services and products in the late 1990s brought about an
unprecedented opportunity for online businesses to engage in large scale data-driven …