Background Annotated data are foundational to applications of supervised machine
learning. However, there seems to be a lack of common language used in the field of …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in recent years, and many medical
fields are attempting to introduce AI technology into clinical practice. Currently, much …

Background Surgical process modeling automatically identifies surgical phases, and further
improvement in recognition accuracy is expected with deep learning. Surgical tool or time …

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked a surge in the application of
computer vision (CV) in surgical video analysis. Laparoscopic surgery produces a large …

Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in various fields due to the
development of new learning methods, such as deep learning, and the marked progress in …

Purpose This study aimed to classify laparoscopic gastric cancer phases. We also aimed to
develop a transformer-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for automatic surgical phase …

Background The achievement rate of the critical view of safety during laparoscopic
cholecystectomy is much lower than expected. This original study aims to investigate and …

Smoke generated during laparoscopic surgery blocks the doctor's sight and degrades the
quality of the images severely; thus, surgical de-smoking is a crucial task during …

Background and Aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal
cancer is a multistep treatment involving several endoscopic processes. Although analyzing …

Background: The rate of bile duct injury in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) continues to
be high due to low critical view of safety (CVS) achievement and the absence of an effective …