Purpose Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, refers to the
constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by people suffering persistent symptoms …

The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mainly targets the lung
as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe …

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc all around the world. The causative agent of
COVID-19 is the novel form of the coronavirus (CoV) named SARS-CoV-2, which results in …

Background The systemic inflammatory response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection increases pro-
inflammatory cytokine production, multi-organ damage, and mortality rates. Mast cells (MC) …

As 2023 approaches, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions. While vaccines have
been a crucial intervention, only a few effective medications exist for prevention and …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been raging all around the world since the
beginning of 2020, and leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with strong …

COVID-19 pathogenesis develops in two phases. First, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 spreads within the epithelial cells of the mucosa of upper and …

Background The current COVID-19 pandemic from the human pathogenic virus SARS-CoV-
2 has resulted in a major health hazard globally. The morbidity and transmission modality of …

Abstract The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has become a global crisis.
In the immunopathogenesis of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection induces an excessive …

Despite intensive studies during the last 3 years, the pathology and underlying molecular
mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain poorly defined. In this study …