Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-
19) pandemic, causes respiratory problems and multifaceted organ dysfunction. A crucial …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible
and virulent human-infecting coronavirus that emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is characterized by respiratory distress, multiorgan …

Objective The goal of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was
to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25 (OH) D 3) in …

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet
understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll …

Severe contagious respiratory disease—COVID-19—caused by the SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus, can lead to fatal respiratory failure associated with an excessive inflammatory …

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory …

Mitochondria are well known as the centre of energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells.
However, they can not only generate ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative …

Background Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) can progress to an acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which involves alveolar infiltration by activated …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the
novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though …